Results. Using logistic regression, the study looked at the prevalence of cognitive impairment at different levels of urine antimony concentrations and found that, after controlling for covariates, higher doses of urinary antimony were positively associated with cognitive function compared to controls, odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence …

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Summary. Antimony has a range of industrial uses in batteries, chemicals, ceramics and glass but by far the most important is in fire retardants. The economically most important ore mineral and principal source for the production of antimony is stibnite. Majority of antimony-bearing ore deposits are associated with the subduction-related ...

Antimony (Sb) is the 51st element in the periodic table. Similar to other pnictogen atoms, Sb forms a volatile, highly toxic trihydride Sb 3+ species, which is …

Antimony is classified as a critical/strategic metal. Its primary production is predominated by China via pyrometallurgical routes such as volatilization roasting—reduction smelting or direct reduction smelting. The performance of most of the pyro-processes is very sensitive to concentrate type and grade. Therefore, technology …

Background Although high dose of antimony is the mainstay for treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), ongoing major concerns remain over its toxicity. Whether or not low dose antimony regimens provide non-inferior effectiveness and lower toxicity has long been a question of dispute. Methods A single-blind, non-inferiority, …

Antimony (Sb), as an element, has been known since ancient times and has been used by many civilizations for different purposes. It is classified as a heavy metal, …

Antimony (Sb) is a dangerous heavy metal (HM) that poses a serious threat to the health of plants, animals, and humans. ... —original draft: HT and GH; writing—review and editing: GM, JX, AM, GX, SU and YL. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. Funding. This work was supported and funded by the …

To identify the individual antimony mines and smelters or refineries (SoR), as well as operators and shareholders involved, we used the following sources; company (annual) reports, reports on antimony from geological surveys, media articles, and reports of operators and websites that collect information on mines globally.

Antimony is a silvery, lustrous gray metal. It is in the metalloid group of elements. It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. The metal and its compound …

3. Antimony in environment3.1. Occurrence forms of antimony. Antimony is located in the VA group of the 5th period of the periodic table of elements, and there are four valence states (Sb(-III), Sb(0), Sb(III) and Sb(V)) (Filella et al., 2002a).In the surface environment and biological media, antimony usually exists in the form of Sb(III) and …

Antimony (Sb), a priority pollutant listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), can cause adverse effects on human health, with particular impacts on skin, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system. In this study, a database of Sb concentrations in the global atmosphere was developed through a survey of measurements published in …

Antimony (Sb) is a dangerous heavy metal (HM) that poses a serious threat to the health of plants, animals, and humans. Leaching from mining wastes and weathering of sulfide ores are the major ways of introducing Sb into our soils and aquatic environments. Crops grown on Sb-contaminated soils are a major reason of Sb entry into humans by …

These stibnite "swords," made of the elements antimony and sulfur, were up for auction on June 2, 2013, with an opening bid of $32,500. This frozen firework of a mineral was found in the Lushi ...

2. Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Availability of Antimony. It is necessary to understand the geological properties of antimony in order to properly assess the impact of related geological processes on public health [28,29].Antimony exists naturally in the Earth's crust and is released into the environment via both natural and mining–industrial …

Antimony. For the sake of this article low coordination antimony and bismuth compounds will be considered as compounds containing an λ3,σ2- or λ3,σ1-Sb or Bi centre that is bonded to at least one carbon atom and displays a degree of multiple bonding to at least one neighbouring atom. From: Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2001. Related terms ...

1.5. Health Effects. Health effects of antimony were described in 1571 by Severin as "vomare, cacare, sudare" [ 12 ]. Today, these effects still apply, as exposure to antimony may cause gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, and stomach ulcers.

Antimony (symbol Sb from the latin stibium) is a silvery white metal with atomic number 51, that is found in the earth's crust. Its main applications are industrial. …

Antimony (Sb) and its compounds are considered as global pollutants due to their health risks and long-range transport characteristics. A comprehensive global inventory of atmospheric antimony emissions from anthropogenic activities during the period of 1995–2010 has been developed with specific estimation methods based on the relevant …

Recently, special attention has been deserved to environmental risks of antimony (Sb) element that is of highly physiologic toxicity to human. Conventional coagulation and ion exchange methods for Sb removal are faced with challenges of low efficiency, high cost and secondary pollution. Adsorption based on carbon nanomaterials …

Antimony has some useful but undoubtedly harmful effects on health and well-being and measures need to be taken to prevent hazardous exposure of the like. Its biological …

Antimony (Sb), is thought to induce testicular toxicity, although this remains controversial. This study investigated the effects of Sb exposure during spermatogenesis in the Drosophila testis and ...

Antimony toxicity occurs either due to occupational exposure or during therapy. Occupational exposure may cause respiratory irritation, pneumoconiosis, antimony spots on the skin and gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition antimony xide is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Improvements in working conditions have remarkably …

1. Introduction. Antimony (Sb) is the tenth most mined metal in the world, with yearly production totaling more than 1.0 × 10 5 tons [].The majority of the world's active Sb mines are situated within China, the world's most prominent Sb producer, accounting for almost 90% of the global output of 187,000 tons per year [].Plastic catalysts, flame retardants, …

In some contexts, modularity means a model with defined inputs and outputs, while a systems biologist may be interested in defining a subgroup of highly connected species or co-expressed proteins (Alon, 2003 ). ProMoT provides a graphical interface supporting modularity, both for grouping model elements and providing inputs and outputs.

Route of antimony entry. It is now well established that Sb(III) enters leishmania cells primarily through an aquaglyceroporin named AQP1 (Gourbal et al. 2004). The Sb(III) transport in Leishmania through AQP1 is energy-independent (Brochu et al. 2003).Indeed, aquaglyceroporins are known to promote the passive transport of neutral …

Antimony is the 63rd-most abundant element in Earth's crust. It is less abundant than tin, arsenic and the rare earths, but more so than bismuth, mercury and silver. Antimony tends to concentrate in sulfide ores along with copper, lead and silver. It occurs sparingly as a free element, but when it does it is usually in association with ...

Antimony has been associated in the public eye with bottled water following the publication of articles by Shotyk and co-workers (Shotyk et al., 2006; Shotyk; Krachler, 2007) where these authors reported significant concentrations of antimony in bottled waters and linked them to the use of antimony in the production of PET bottles.

Chemsrc provides Antimony(CAS#:) MSDS, density, melting point, boiling point, structure, formula, molecular weight etc. Articles of Antimony are included as well.

PET is synthesized by the polymerization reaction of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol by antimony (Sb), titanium or germanium catalysts. But since antimony catalysts are the cheapest, they account for more than 90% of the global PET production . Uncharged antimony is a white and brittle metal that infrequently occurs in nature.