Gallium and germanium, which are utilised in electronics and solar devices (Foley et al., 2017; Shanks et al., 2017), have been extracted from processing wastes using AL. Rao et al. (2019) examined the extraction of Ga and Ge from zinc refinery residue using acidic leaching followed by alkaline leaching at atmospheric pressure.

The recovery of germanium from low-grade ores and secondary resources requires the development of new separation and purification techniques. In this work, the solvent extraction (SX) …

Gallium and germanium are practically important trace elements used in various high-tech areas as photovoltaics, electronic equipment, semiconductor gamma-ray detectors, infrared equipment, etc. ... Kazantsev Y (2021) Aluminum Smelting Carbon Dust as a Potential Raw Material for Gallium and Germanium Extraction. JOM …

Selective extraction of zinc, gallium, and germanium from zinc refinery residue using two stage acid and alkaline leaching - ScienceDirect Hydrometallurgy …

Effect of adding S02 to H2S04 leach on gallium and germanium extraction from zinc residue ..... . Effect of H2S04 molarity on gallium and germanium extraction from zinc residue ..... . Solubility of Ge02 in H2S04, ..... .

Gallium is conventionally obtained as a byproduct of aluminum, and germanium as byproduct of zinc processing. An exception to this rule is the Apex Mine ore which has served as the only primary source in the world for direct production of gallium …

Introduction. Germanium (Ge) and gallium (Ga) are common scattered metals used in the semiconductor industry. The natural sources of Ge and Ga are scattered in the earth's crust, and they are found associated with other metal minerals and coal mines at very low concentrations; thus, lacking extraction value.

Extraction of Ga and Ge from the metallurgical slags in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4, 1 M HNO 3, and 1 M HCl (in mg/kg; total Ga and Ge content in the slags is also indicated). Both original T17 and T18 samples and ultrafine-milled samples denoted as F with grain size <25 μm are depicted. Full symbols represent extraction at 25 °C, and empty symbols ...

Various resources and corresponding extraction methods of gallium were documented. Commercial gallium recovery process employed in Guizhou branch of …

A method for extracting gallium and germanium from zinc smelting slag relates to a method for extracting metal gallium and germanium from zinc smelting slag by a wet method. Is characterized in that the extraction process is to carry out two-stage acid leaching on zinc smelting slag, one-stage acid leaching is carried out to leach gallium, …

China exported 94 metric tons of gallium in 2022, up 25% on the prior year, according to Chinese customs. U.S. imports of gallium metal and gallium arsenide (GaAs) wafers in 2022 were worth about ...

The process of germanium–tannin complex is the oldest form of technology for extracting germanium from Ge-containing solutions. This reaction mechanism is relatively controversial as it imposes restrictions on ideas and methods for reducing the amount of tannin. In this paper, using SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, NMR, TOF-SIMS and UV …

Gallium and germanium are just two out of 17 rare earth elements used to achieve the extreme performance and efficiencies needed in modern electric motors, turbines and batteries – as well as ...

A method is described of recovering gallium and germanium from fly ash which comprises: (a) pelletizing the fly ash; (b) heating the pellets in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of from about 900/sup 0/C to just below the fusion temperature of the pellets, the temperature being high enough to remove trace elements volatile in an oxidizing …

Gallium has become increasingly popular as a substrate material for electronic devices. Aside from ore, gallium can be obtained from such industrial sources as the Bayer process caustic liquor that is a byproduct of bauxite processing, flue dust removed from the fume-collection system in plants that produce aluminum by the electrolytic process, zinc …

Gallium and germanium extraction and potential recovery from metallurgical slags. 2022, Journal of Cleaner Production. Citation Excerpt : Gallium was leached to a greater extent (∼100% of the total amount) than Ge (60–98% of the total amount) (Fig. 2 and S2). Similar results were obtained by the pressure leaching of Zn refinery residues in ...

The recovery of germanium from low-grade ores and secondary resources requires the development of new separation and purification techniques. In this work, the solvent extraction (SX) behavior of Ge(IV) and common contaminants, that is, Zn(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), and As(III), was studied using the undiluted ionic liquid (IL) Aliquat 336 …

Globally, primary gallium is recovered as a byproduct of processing bauxite and zinc ores. One company in Utah recovered and refined high-purity gallium from imported primary low-purity gallium metal and new scrap. Imports of gallium metal and gallium arsenide (GaAs) wafers were valued at about $3 million and $200 million, respectively.

The SSX system consisting of 0.13 M anti-oxime from LIX 63 and 0.13 M Ionquest 801 in ShellSol 2046 is an optimised composition for the extraction of germanium from the synthetic leach solution containing 1 g/L Ge(IV) and 1.0 M H 2 SO 4. The germanium(IV) extraction kinetics was slow with the equilibrium reached after 20 min of …

By IER. July 11, 2023. Contact The Expert. Beginning August 1, China will impose export restrictions on some gallium and germanium products–metals used in computer chips and other products–to protect national security interests. Industrial experts say the move—viewed as retaliation against U.S. export restrictions aimed at curbing …

Gallium is recovered from the acid liquor in the first still by treatment with aluminium to remove heavy metals and to reduce the iron to ferrous chloride, followed by …

The main factors examined during the extraction tests were aqueous phase/organic phase (AP/OP) volumetric ratio, aqueous phase pH, amounts of reagents, and time of contact. Germanium extraction yields were higher than 90%. Alkaline and acid stripping of organic extracts were studied obtaining the best results with 1M NaOH (85%).

Germanium products are well suited for many advanced materials applications—lens blanks for infrared optics, dioxide for electronic and catalyst use, "intrinsic" metal for radiation detectors, and electronic grade tetrachloride for optical fibers. Before undertaking these applications, however, the germanium must first be recovered. …

Summary This study provides a global substance flow analysis for gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), and indium (In) for 2011, quantifying the amount of metal lost during extraction, ... Quantification of Extraction, Uses, and Dissipative Losses within their Anthropogenic Cycles. Christina Licht, Christina Licht. Search for more papers by this …

However, zinc residues are a promising resource for the extraction of critical metals such as gallium, germanium and indium. The major problem in ZRR is the concentration of zinc ferrite (ZF ...

1. Introduction. Germanium (Ge) and gallium (Ga) are common scattered metals used in the semiconductor industry. The natural sources of Ge and Ga are scattered in the earth's crust, and they are found associated with other metal minerals and coal mines at very low concentrations; thus, lacking extraction value.

Basal action network estimated 0.0013, 0.0016 and 0.0016% of the total weight of personal computer (PC) for gallium, germanium and indium, respectively, with less than 1% end-of-life recycling ...

In this research work, extraction and purification of germanium from zinc leach residues (ZLR) were investigated. The results of ICP, XRF, and atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS) tests show that contents of germanium, iron, lead, and zinc within the leaching residue were 105×10 −6, 3.53%, 10.35%, and 8.8%, respectively.XRD results …

The extraction was performed on both the original granulated slags and the ultrafine-milled samples at a 1% pulp density (L/S = 100 l/kg, i.e., a 0.1 g sample into …

Germanium, which is currently classified as a critical mineral in the U.S., is also extracted as a byproduct from deposits in Alaska, Washington, and Tennessee. …